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Antimicrobial Host Defence Peptides: Functions and Clinical Potential

Antimicrobial host defence peptides (HDPs) are a crucial part of the innate immune system, acting as a first line of defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens. These naturally occurring peptides are essential for combating infections, and their unique ability to control pathogens while also resolving harmful inflammation has garnered significant interest in their clinical potential. Research into HDPs reveals their diverse functions, ranging from direct antimicrobial activity to modulating immune responses, making them promising candidates for novel therapeutic strategies, particularly in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance.

Diverse Functions of Host Defence Peptides

Host defence peptides exhibit a wide array of biological activities, contributing significantly to the body's defense mechanismsHost Defence (Antimicrobial) Peptides and Proteins - Wuerth. Their primary role involves direct antimicrobial action against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This is often achieved by disrupting microbial membranes, a mechanism that is less prone to resistance development compared to conventional antibioticsAntimicrobial peptides. Beyond direct killing, HDPs possess potent immunomodulatory properties. They can stimulate immune cells, facilitate cytokine release, and regulate inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to immune homeostasis and infection resolution作者：A Yeung·2011·被引用次数：747—Although their original and primaryfunctionwas proposed to be directantimicrobialactivity against bacteria, fungi, parasites and/or viruses, cationic .... This dual capability—combating pathogens and managing inflammation—is a key feature driving their therapeutic exploration.Function and therapeutic potential of host defence peptides

Furthermore, HDPs play a critical role in wound healing and tissue repair. They can promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and reduce the inflammatory cascade that can impede recovery. Their ability to form biofilms is also being explored, with some HDPs showing promise as antibiofilm peptide therapeutics, crucial for preventing and eradicating persistent infections.

Clinical Potential and Therapeutic Applications

The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial host defence peptides positions them as valuable candidates for clinical application. Their inherent ability to combat infections, coupled with their immunomodulatory effects, offers a robust approach to treating a variety of conditions.Function and therapeutic potential of host defence peptides

One of the most compelling areas of HDP research is their potential to address the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As conventional antibiotics become less effective, HDPs offer an alternative with distinct mechanisms of action, potentially overcoming existing resistance pathways.作者：N Mookherjee·2020·被引用次数：1477—Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP), also known as antimicrobial peptides,are naturally occurring peptides that can combat infections. Their capacity to kill pathogens and resolve inflammation simultaneously makes them attractive for treating complex infections, such as those associated with biofilms or sepsis作者：J Kim·2023·被引用次数：42—These peptidesselectively alter innate immune pathwaysin response to infections by pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and modify the subsequent ....

Ongoing research is focused on harnessing the properties of HDPs for various therapeutic applications. This includes developing topical treatments for skin infections, anti-inflammatory agents, and even systemic therapies for life-threatening infections. Modifications to naturally occurring HDPs are also being explored to enhance their stability, efficacy, and specificity, further expanding their therapeutic horizon作者：R Dilawari·2025·被引用次数：4—This review highlights sources, structural and physiological characteristics, action mechanisms, and biological potency towardsclinicalapplications.. The development of HDP-based therapies represents a significant opportunity to augment our arsenal against infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders.