Polypeptide Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a crucial neuropeptide with widespread physiological roles, and understanding its vasoactive intestinal peptide production is key to grasping its multifaceted functions作者：T Agibalova·2024·被引用次数：11—Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuronal peptide with prominent distribution along the enteric nervous system.. This peptide is not confined to a single location but is synthesized and released by a diverse array of cells across numerous tissues.Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid hormoneproduced primarily by neural tissues. The amino acid sequence of VIP is similar to that ... Primarily, VIP is produced by neural tissues, acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator within both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Beyond neuronal sources, VIP is also generated by immune cells, including T cells, B cells, mast cells, and eosinophils, highlighting its significant involvement in immune regulation. This broad distribution underscores the peptide's pleiotropic effects, influencing everything from smooth muscle relaxation and glandular secretion to immune responses and neuronal activity.Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects - PubMed
The production of vasoactive intestinal peptide is remarkably diverse, originating from specialized cells in various bodily systems.
* Neural Tissues: As a prominent neuropeptide, VIP is extensively expressed in neurons. It is found in high concentrations within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, playing a role in circadian rhythms. It is also prevalent in the enteric nervous system, where it modulates gastrointestinal functions.Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates immunoglobulin ... Furthermore, VIP is produced by nerve endings that synapse on lymphoid organs, bridging the nervous and immune systems.
* Immune Cells: VIP is significantly produced by immune cells. Studies have shown that T cells, B cells, mast cells, and eosinophils can synthesize and release VIP, particularly when stimulated by agents like lipopolysaccharide (LPS)作者：J Benjamin Davoren·1985·被引用次数：3—Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of estrogen productionseemed to be a result of increased aromatase activity. The increased progesterone .... Thymocytes have also been demonstrated to produce and secrete VIP. This immune cell production is critical for VIP's anti-inflammatory properties and its role in modulating immune responses.
* Endocrine and Epithelial Cells: Beyond neural and immune origins, VIP production extends to endocrine cells and epithelial cellsSynthesis of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) via the .... For instance, pancreatic islet cells and endocrine cells in the gut are known sources. Research indicates that VIP can regulate gut wall goblet cell production, influencing the secretion of mucus. It also plays a role in stimulating the production of cyclic AMP in digestive epitheliaVIP is produced in many tissues of vertebratesincluding the gut, pancreas, neocortex, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain. VIP ....
* Tumor Tissues: In certain pathological conditions, VIP-producing tumor tissue fragments have been observed1999年1月8日—Evidence summarized in this report indicates thatthymocytes produce and secrete VIP. Moreover, different stimuli such as Con A, .... These tumors can lead to an overproduction of VIP, contributing to various clinical manifestations.
The journey from gene to functional peptide involves a series of precise biological steps.Research on VIP shows links to gut barrier integrity, microbiota balance, pancreatic secretion, and insulin signaling in experimental models.
* Precursor Protein: Vasoactive intestinal peptide is derived from a larger precursor protein, preproVIP, which consists of approximately 170 amino acids.Synthesis of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) via the ... This precursor is synthesized through the expression of the VIP gene.Prevalence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the ...
* Proteolytic Cleavage: Following synthesis, the preproVIP precursor undergoes proteolytic cleavage6天前—An imbalance between vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P production results in the reestablishment and maintenance of the .... This enzymatic process removes signal peptides and other inactive segments, ultimately yielding the mature, biologically active 28-amino-acid peptide that constitutes vasoactive intestinal peptide.
* Post-Translational Modifications: While the primary structure is determined by gene expression and cleavage, certain modifications can occur. For example, the methionine residue at position 17 is susceptible to oxidative damage, potentially leading to the formation of a methionine sulfoxide group.Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic ... This modification can alter the peptide's properties.Therapeutic effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the ...
The widespread production of VIP by diverse cell types directly correlates with its extensive physiological functions. Its roles span smooth muscle relaxation (e.g.作者：M Bodanszky·1974·被引用次数：89—This article is cited by 59 publications. Duan Chen, Jens F. Rehfeld, Alan G. Watts, Patrik Rorsman, Andrew L. Gundlach. History of key regulatorypeptide..., in the gut), stimulation of pancreatic juice and bile secretion, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, and modulation of immune cell activity作者：W Jiang·2016·被引用次数：64—Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates proinflammatory mediator synthesisin osteoarthritic and rheumatoid synovial cells. Rheumatology .... VIP also influences neurotransmission and plays a role in regulating hormone production, such as estrogen. Understanding the specific contexts and mechanisms of VIP production is crucial for appreciating its impact on health and disease, from inflammatory conditions and gastrointestinal disorders to neurological functions. Research into VIP production also has implications for developing therapeutic strategies, particularly in areas involving inflammation, immune modulation, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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