Holst jj 2007the physiology of glucagon like peptide 1physiological reviews 87 4 1409 1439 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a crucial peptide hormone with significant physiological roles, primarily centered around the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Released from the intestine in response to nutrient ingestion, GLP-1 acts as an incretin hormone, meaning it stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner.What is the mechanism of action of Glucagon-like peptide- ... Beyond this primary function, GLP-1 also exerts inhibitory effects on glucagon secretion, further contributing to the control of plasma glucose concentrations and limiting postprandial hyperglycemia.GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology ... Understanding the intricate physiology of GLP-1 is fundamental to grasping its impact on metabolism and its therapeutic potential.
GLP-1 is derived from the proglucagon gene through tissue-specific posttranslational processing. The primary producers of GLP-1 are enteroendocrine L-cells, which are distributed throughout the lining of the small intestine, with their density increasing along the intestinal tract. Upon ingestion of nutrients, particularly carbohydrates and fats, these L-cells are stimulated to release GLP-1 into the circulation. This hormonal response is a key component of the entero-insular axis, linking nutrient intake to appropriate hormonal feedback for metabolic regulation.Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP ...
The actions of GLP-1 are diverse and critical for maintaining metabolic balance:
* Stimulation of Insulin Secretion: This is the hallmark function of GLP-1.Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion by the L-Cell | Diabetes It binds to specific receptors on pancreatic beta cells, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin release2025年1月21日—Glucagon is a hormone that your pancreas makesto help regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels. Glucagon increases your blood sugar level and prevents it .... This action is glucose-dependent, meaning GLP-1 primarily stimulates insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are elevated, thereby minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia作者：MHA Muskiet·2017·被引用次数：440—GLP-1 can act through endocrine, paracrine and neuronal pathwaysto regulate physiological responses in local and/or remote tissues and cell ....
* Inhibition of Glucagon Secretion: GLP-1 also acts on pancreatic alpha cells to suppress the secretion of glucagon.作者：DJ Drucker·2022·被引用次数：466—The actions ofGLP-1to reduce food intake and body weight are highly conserved in obese animals and humans, in both adolescents and adults. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting hepatic glucose production. By inhibiting glucagon, GLP-1 further contributes to lowering postprandial glucose levels.
* Slowing Gastric Emptying: GLP-1 acts as a physiological modulator to slow down the rate at which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. This effect helps to reduce the absorption rate of nutrients and blunt the sharp rise in blood glucose after a meal.
* Appetite Regulation: GLP-1 plays a role in reducing food intake and promoting satietyGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 - an overview. Its actions on the brain, potentially affecting appetite and reward pathways, contribute to its effects on body weight.
* Beta-Cell Health: Emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1 may also promote beta-cell growth and enhance beta-cell survival, although this aspect is still under extensive investigation.
GLP-1 exerts its effects by binding to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is widely expressed in various tissues. The GLP-1R is prominently found on pancreatic islets but also in other locations, including the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Upon activation, the GLP-1R triggers intracellular signaling cascades that mediate the hormone's diverse physiological responses. These actions can occur through endocrine (systemic circulation), paracrine (local tissue signaling), and neuronal pathways, allowing GLP-1 to influence physiological responses in both local and remote tissues.
The potent glucose-lowering effects and potential benefits on appetite and body weight have made GLP-1 and its receptor agonists significant therapeutic agents. These drugs are widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity.作者：A Das·2020·被引用次数：12—The most significant role ofGLP-1is the regulation of endocrine secretion from the pancreas.GLP-1binds to the GPCR in the islet of ... Understanding the complete physiology of GLP-1 continues to inform the development of new pharmacotherapies that harness its metabolic benefits while addressing potential side effects and expanding its therapeutic applications. Research into the complex interplay of GLP-1 with other hormones, such as GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), and its effects on various organs like the kidney and brain, is ongoing, promising further insights into metabolic health and disease.作者：RJ Jalleh·2025·被引用次数：26—This indicates thatGLP-1 is a physiological modulatorto slow the rate of gastric emptying, particularly as the acceleration of gastric emptying by exendin 9- ...
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